Open access
Aug 2026
PD-L1 upregulated by IGF1R via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis induces sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
PURPOSE Aberrant activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with resistance to targeted therapies. However, the mechanism by which IGF1R transcriptionally upregulates programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to drive sorafenib resistance remained unclear...
Tao Zhu, Chunmei Xie, Qianqian Shao et al.
· Molecular Immunology · 0 citations