Open access
Sep 2026
A Dual Real Options Framework for Sustainable Technology Intervention and Dynamic Multi-Plant Capacity Allocation: Global Staging of Energy-Intensive Industries Under Stochastic Power Jumps and Cross-Border Carbon Arbitrage
The European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and volatile electricity markets create linked operating and investment risks for energy-intensive multinational firms. This study develops a six-dimensional stochastic dynamic programming model with dual real options for plant entry, green transformation, pr...
Tyrone T. Lin, Thi Diem Ngoc Hoang, Yang-Chieh Chin et al.
· Sustainability · 0 citations