Cobrotoxin suppresses TLR4-NF-κB/STAT1 signaling to mitigate glia-mediated neuroinflammation and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease.
Chronic neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to progressive dopaminergic neuron loss. Cobrotoxin (CoTX), a short-chain α-neurotoxin isolated from Naja atra venom, exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in several inflammation-related disease models. Howev...