Prospective observational comparison of propofol–ketamine, propofol–fentanyl, propofol– dexmedetomidine combinations on intraoperative hemodynamics, post-operative recovery in upper abdominal surgery
Balanced general anesthesia optimization remains challenging as propofol adjuvants (dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, ketamine) uniquely affect intraoperative hemodynamics and post-operative recovery profiles. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the propofol-dexmedetomidine (PD), propofol-fentanyl (PF) and propofol-ketami...