Back-Analysis of Rock Mass Parameters Using Displacement and Pressure Monitoring with Surrogate-Assisted NSGA-II and TOPSIS: A Zhaotong Tunnel Case Study
A back-analysis of rock mass parameters in deep-buried tunnels with complex coal-bearing strata is often limited when only displacement monitoring is used, because support loading and local stress transfer may not be sufficiently constrained. In this study, a surrogate-assisted biobjective inversion framework is deve...