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Sukhsagar

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Open access 2026

Energy-Efficient Hexagonal QAM for Fluid Antenna Systems: ASER Analysis Under Imperfect CSI

This letter investigates the performance of an N-port FAS over Nakagami-m fading channels under imperfect CSI, and reveals that HQAM outperforms conventional QAM, achieving approximately 2 dB and 0.8 dB SNR gains over 128-RQAM and 256-SQAM, respectively.

Sukhsagar, Nagendra Kumar, Vimal Bhatia et al. · 0 citations

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