STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY MODELING WITH MACRO-FINANCIAL FACTORS: THE AR-X-GARCH APPROACH
The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of S&P 500 index volatility using daily data from January 1, 2020, to November 1, 2025. The analysis focuses on volatility persistence, clustering behavior, and the effects of the EUR/USD exchange rate and WTI crude oil prices on the stock market. For this purpose, d...