The anti-inflammatory potential of Oroxylum indicum (OI), a traditional medicinal plant, was evaluated through in vitro, ex vivo, and molecular docking studies. The stem bark extract exhibited a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation in both egg albumin and bovine serum albumin assays at concentrations of 10, 30, and 100µg/mL. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of key bioactive compounds, especially Oroxylin B (docking score -8.79), to the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, suggesting a mechanistic basis for anti-inflammatory effects. The extract exhibited no cytotoxicity on human lymphocytes across tested concentrations (20-200µg/mL) in the MTT assay, indicating safety. Ex vivo, OI extract significantly reduced COX-2 enzyme levels from 124.66 ± 0.16ng/mL in radiation controls to 107.33 ± 0.10ng/mL, comparable to diclofenac (106.36 ± 0.08ng/mL). Furthermore, IL-6 and TNF-alpha pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were substantially elevated by radiation but significantly decreased upon treatment with OI extract; IL-6 levels were reduced to 21.74 ± 0.95pg/mL compared to 27.45 ± 0.82pg/mL in radiation controls and TNF-alpha levels were similarly lowered, comparable to the diclofenac-treated group. These findings support the notion that the extract derived from the stem bark of Oroxylum indicum holds considerable strong possibility as a natural anti-inflammatory agent with modulatory effects on key inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, meriting further pharmacological and clinical evaluation.
Sushma Swaroopa, T. Gnanasekaran, Nanditha Bhat et al.· Prostaglandins & other lipid...· 0 citations
Endophytic fungi represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. In this study, we explored the antioxidant potential of secondary metabolites produced by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora (N.clavispora), an endophytic fungus isolated from Oroxylum indicum Kurz stem bark. N.clavispora extract was subjected to UPLC-MS analysis to profile its bioactive components, and its antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. For in vivo evaluation, Swiss albino mice were administered with 100 mg/kg bodyweight dose of extract for five consecutive days, followed by exposure to 2 Gy of gamma radiation at a dose rate of 3.58 Gy/min. Subsequent measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver homogenate were conducted to assess antioxidant enzyme response. The data obtained from UPLC-MS, showed, cimicifoetiside B (identified by UNIFI database matching; 44% relative abundance) as the predominant metabolite. N. clavispora extract showed moderate DPPH scavenging (IC₅₀ 82.86 μg/mL vs ascorbic acid 19.01 μg/mL). Molecular docking using cimicifoetiside B against the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD), revealing a docking score of −4.96 kcal/mol with 1 hydrogen bond. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the interaction with a binding energy of –12.36 ± 02.32 kcal/mol. Binding affinities and molecular interaction profiles indicated possible association with SOD. In vivo, N.clavispora extract at 100 mg/kg body weight/day yielded SOD activity of 1.98 ± 0.38 vs. radiation group 0.78 ± 0.13. These results suggest N.clavispora may have antioxidant related activity under the conditions tested, supporting further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Sushma Swaroopa, Amshumala Bhoothakallu Lolajaksha, T. Gnanasekaran et al.· PLoS ONE· 0 citations
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