ABSTRACT Colletotrichum asianum, the cause of mango anthracnose, is a major threat to mango production worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying plant invasion by C. asianum are poorly understood. Mini‐chromosomes are increasingly recognised as indispensable components in the virulence of plant‐pathogenic fungi. Here, we identify CaMutA, a secreted glycoside hydrolase 71 effector encoded on a mini‐chromosome, as a critical pathogenicity factor that suppresses plant immune responses and is essential for infection by C. asianum. CaMutA directly interacts with the mango chitinase MiChi1. When heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana , MiChi1 confers enhanced resistance against multiple pathogens, suggesting its role in plant defence, a process that CaMutA subverts. Together, our findings uncover that a mini‐chromosome‐encoded effector can subvert plant immunity by directing the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of conserved defence‐related chitinases. This study thus identifies promising targets for controlling mango anthracnose.
Rui Wang, Tong-Tong Zhu, Rong Huang et al.· Molecular plant pathology· 0 citations
Anthracnose of American ginseng is caused by Colletotrichum panacicola. In this study, Bacillus velezensis B313-6, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of American ginseng, was identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, 16S rRNA, and the gyrase subunit A protein (gyrA) regions’ analyses. B. velezensis B313-6 showed strong antagonistic activity against C. panacicola with an inhibition rate of 94.4% in dual culture assay, and exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against eight other plant pathogenic fungi (inhibition rates 70–94%). Using single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology, the fermentation conditions were optimized, increasing the inhibition rate against C. panacicola from 93.9% to 97.4%. In field trials, the B. velezensis B313-6 fermentation broth at a low dose (33.3 mL/m2) provided a control efficacy of 67.6% after the third spray, comparable to a commercial B. subtilis product used as a positive control. The low-dose treatment also significantly promoted American ginseng growth, increasing plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight by 9.7%, 11.3%, 10.5% and 15.5%, respectively, compared to the treatment of water. These results indicate that B. velezensis B313-6 has great potential as a biocontrol agent against the anthracnose of Panax quinquefolius and also promotes the growth of American ginseng.
Shuang Feng, Yue Shi, Ruijie Liu et al.· Agriculture· 0 citations
A conserved virulence strategy in which multiple rice-infecting fungal pathogens employ a subtilisin-like protease effector, SBT1, to suppress host immunity is identified and OsMAPKKKα is identified as a promising target for engineering disease-resistant crops.
Yuan Fang, Zhaoyun Wang, Wenjing Li et al.· Science Advances· 0 citations
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