T. Karthikeya

Deep Learning-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Grading: A Unified Benchmark of CNN, GNN, And RNN Hybrid Architectures

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major diabetes-related microvascular complication and one of the leading causes of preventable vision loss. This revised paper presents a notebook-consistent comparative evaluation of six architectures for five-class retinal fundus image grading: DenseNet121 with a support vector machine...