Review
Open access
Aug 2026
Beyond the flow: the evolving role of magnetic resonance imaging in arteriovenous shunt evaluation.
Although digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment planning of intracranial arteriovenous shunts (AVS), including arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas, non-invasive imaging is increasingly sought for comprehensive evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging (...
Akihiko Sakata, Koji Fujimoto, M. Iima et al.
· Diagnostic and Interventiona... · 0 citations