Spatial Dynamics and Vegetation Densification of Mangroves in Ambon Bay Derived from NDVI–NDMI Analysis
Mangrove ecosystems perform critical ecological functions in tropical coastal zones. Globally, these ecosystems have experienced significant areal decline, underscoring the urgency of systematic spatiotemporal monitoring. This study quantified changes in mangrove coverage across Teluk Ambon, Maluku Province, over a nin...