Open access
Jul 2026
Cellular tropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in human respiratory and bovine mammary epithelial cells
Genotype- and cell type–specific differences in replication and host responses are indicated, with B3.3.4.13 showing enhanced tropism in bovine mammary cells, consistent with adaptation that may elevate zoonotic risk, and the value of comparative studies across host cell types and diverse viral isolates to inform risk assessments for emerging influenza viruses.
N. Brock, H. Zeng, C. Pappas et al.
· Microbiology spectrum · 1 citation