Multimodal extracellular osteogenic microenvironment orchestrating with piezoelectric collagen fibrils for promoting bone regeneration.
Bone defects, especially critical-sized bone defects, still remain a major challenge due to limited intrinsic regenerative capacity. Limitations in biomimetic structure and functional performance in existing bone repair materials motivate the development of multifunctional osteogenic scaffolds. Herein, hierarchical top...