Nurturing Landscapes, Building Legitimacy: The Architecture of Social-Ecological Resilience, A Multiple-Case Study of Community Involvement and Development Programs across Pertamina Hulu Rokan Zona 1
Climate change exposes upstream oil and gas operations to interdependent ecological and social risks. This study examines how environmental community development portfolios generate social-ecological resilience and under what conditions they strengthen Social License to Operate (SLO). A multiple-case design compares si...