Hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome frequently coexist and share abnormalities in body weight, lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and inflammatory signaling. Thyroid hormone deficiency can contribute to dyslipidemia, reduced energy expenditure, and impaired insulin action. By contrast, evidence that obesity, dysli...
Mu-Bai Li, Xiao-Zhu Guo, Na Ren et al.· Frontiers in Endocrinology· 0 citations
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has evolved into a global public health crisis characterized by high prevalence, chronic progression, and multisystem complications, including cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and bone metabolic disorders. Insulin resistance (IR) serves as the core pathological driver of T2DM onset and...
Miao-Yan Yang, Jing Xu, Yun Sun et al.· Cardiovascular Diabetology· 0 citations
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