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Toneema Zubair

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Preprint Aug 2026

Hate Speech Classification In Roman Urdu: A Comparative Study On Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning And Prompt Engineering

Due to the widespread accessibility of the internet and social media, toxic and hateful con-tent has grown exponentially, causing significant distress and negative societal impacts. Ro-man Urdu, a low-resource language used in Pakistan and among Urdu-speaking communities worldwide, presents additional challenges becaus...

Toneema Zubair · 0 citations

#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

Efficient Adaptation of LLMs for Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study on Roman Urdu

It is challenging to detect hate speech in Low Resource Languages (LRLs) because of the absence of annotated data, the informality of its language structure, and the lack of standardized grammar. A good example of such a challenge is Roman Urdu which is broadly used by South Asians on social media and has a high variat...

Toneema Zubair, Muhammad Asif, F. Kamiran et al. · 0 citations