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Sep 2026

Telomere‐to‐telomere genome and multi‐omics analysis provides insights into the genomic evolution and nutritional composition of Canavalia gladiata

Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. is a leguminous crop notable for its high protein content and oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, positioning it as a valuable genetic resource for the diversification and nutritional improvement of legume species. Here, we report a gap‐free telomere‐to‐telomere (T2T) genome assembly of C. gladiata and perform phylogenomic analyses to reconstruct its evolutionary history. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling further revealed the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying the biosynthesis of key nutritional metabolites, including amino acids and lipids. These findings lay a foundation for accelerating molecular breeding for improved nutritional quality in C. gladiata . The T2T assembly and multi‐omics resources presented herein serve as valuable references for comparative genomics and the genetic improvement of legume crops.

Yi Wang, Meng Yan, Ping Xie et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

The cellular and genetic basis of inflorescence divergence between maize and teosinte

The domestication of maize from teosinte involved dramatic remodeling of the ear, yet the cellular and genetic bases of this transformation remain unclear. Here, we generate a single-nucleus and spatial transcriptome atlas of developing maize and teosinte ears. Comparative analysis reveals divergence in cob-associated cell types, with enhanced cytokinin signaling and reduced growth-inhibitory signals collectively driving cob thickening and enlargement in maize. We further demonstrate that domestication expanded the spatial expression domain of key transcription factors in maize meristem cells, enhancing the potential for increasing kernel number. Additionally, we verified a major domestication gene, ZmSPD1, in which two nonsynonymous SNPs differentiate maize from teosinte and alter jasmonic acid (JA) levels in the ear, thereby suppressing spikelet abortion to effectively double kernel production. These findings provide a cell-resolved mechanistic framework for how cob architecture and kernel number were shaped during maize domestication, offering new insights into the formation of key agronomic traits.

Yue-Bin Wang, Ruijie Mao, Yu Liu et al. · 0 citations

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