Tokenization-Invariant Watermarking: A Byte-Local Method for LLM Text
We introduce Tokenization-Invariant Watermarking (TI-WM), a method that embeds a watermark during token generation but keys and scores it on canonicalized UTF-8 bytes. The detector does not invoke the tokenizer. Canonicalizer-preserving edits leave its score unchanged; other localized canonical-byte edits affect a boun...