Explaining PISA 2022 Achievement Disparities through Educational Policy and Learning Culture: A Macro-Comparative Analysis of Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, Portugal, and New Zealand
Disparities in PISA 2022 performance across nations suggest that determinants of educational quality extend beyond economic capacity alone. This study aims to analyze the underlying factors of PISA 2022 performance gaps by comparing Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, Portugal, and New Zealand from a macro-comparative educat...