V. Kebande

Mitigating 51% Attacks in Blockchain Systems Through Early Detection and Checkpoint-Based Defense

The 51% attack remains one of the significant security concern in Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains, where increasing hash-power concentration can create a malicious majority-control risk and enable adversarial chain reorganization. This paper proposes a two-layer defense that combines early hash-power monitoring with ch...