Left and Right Atrial Strain Across the Heart Failure Continuum: Multifaceted Markers of Subclinical Mechanical Dysfunction and Haemodynamic Burden
Heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized as a progressive syndrome that begins long before patients develop clinical signs or symptoms, during which conventional echocardiographic parameters may fail to detect early myocardial impairment. Atrial strain imaging by speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a...