Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio in KBMI 4 Banks: Evidence from Profitability and Liability Structure in Indonesia (2021–2025)
This study examines the determinants of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and liability composition among the four KBMI 4 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely BBCA, BBRI, BMRI, and BBNI, over the quarterly period from 2021 to 2025. The analysis is based on 80 bank-quarter observations extracted fro...