Free Mitochondrial DNA and Mitophagy Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Central Mitochondrial–Inflammatory Axis Driving Progressive Renal Injury
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide despite significant advances in glucose-lowering and renoprotective therapies. Emerging evidence identifies mitochondrial dysfunction as a central pathogenic mechanism linking metabolic stress to chro...