Wai Yie Leong

Quantifying the Fluency Illusion in AI-Augmented Design Education: A Behavioral Soft-Sensor Framework for Decoding Human–AI Collaboration Patterns

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has transformed design education, yet growing evidence suggests that the fluency of AI-generated outputs may create a “fluency illusion”—a metacognitive bias whereby learners conflate polished AI artifacts with genuine cognitive mastery. A critical unresolved question is how t...