Efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation for chronic tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND Chronic tinnitus affects approximately 14% of adults worldwide, with nearly 2% experiencing severe, persistent symptoms that impair daily functioning. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and acou...