Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathological process involved in conditions such as organ transplantation, trauma, vascular surgery, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Although reperfusion is essential for restoring oxygen and nutrients to ischemic tissues, it can paradoxically worsen tissue damage throu...