Musculoskeletal diseases encompass a spectrum of pathologies such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteosarcoma, characterized by degenerative alterations and aberrant hyperplasia in bone mass, synovial tissue, and cartilage. Recently, botanical compounds have demonstrated promising potential...
Active ingredients from Rehmannia show clear preclinical potential in both promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, and are hypothesized to offer possibly offering better safety compared to conventional chemical drugs, although this claim lacks direct clinical comparative evidence.
While TwHF holds promise for OA treatment due to its multimodal anti-inflammatory mechanisms, its toxicity and insufficient clinical evidence necessitate further high-quality trials, precise therapeutic targeting, and safer formulation development for safe clinical integration.
