Direct Regeneration of Spent Graphite Electrodes Using an Organic Solvent-Free Approach: Evaluation of Aqueous- and Rapid Thermal Processing-Assisted Black Mass Delamination.
Sustainable recycling of graphite anodes is critical for enabling closed-loop lithium-ion battery manufacturing, yet most direct recycling methods rely on organic solvents and corrosive acid treatments that increase costs and environmental impacts. Herein, we evaluate an organic solvent-free, direct recycling strategy...