Interfacial engineering of a chitosan-tannic acid layer on bacterial cellulose for a high performance forward osmosis membrane toward sustainable juice concentration and reduced microplastic release.
Bacterial cellulose (BC), a renewable biopolymer, has emerged as a promising substrate for membrane fabrication due to its biocompatibility and sustainability. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity in BC fiber distribution results in polydisperse inter-fiber voids, impeding its widespread application in membrane technol...