Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for modulating macrophage polarization in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovitis and progressive joint destruction, wherein macrophage polarization constitutes a critical pathogenic mechanism governing both the initiation and perpetuation of synovial inflammation. The conventional M1 and M2 dichotomy...
Wen-Jiao Wang, Jian-Hui Ma, Xu-Dong Zhang et al.
· Frontiers in Pharmacology · 0 citations