A Unified Damage–Plasticity Constitutive Framework for Freeze–Thaw-Damaged Concrete Under Monotonic and Cyclic Compression
To provide a unified description of the monotonic and cyclic compressive responses of concrete after freeze–thaw exposure, a one-dimensional phenomenological damage–plasticity constitutive framework is proposed. Freeze–thaw-induced pre-damage is quantified by the degradation of the initial static stiffness. A Mander-ty...