Median Effective Concentration of Ropivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided T11 Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Dixon Up-and-Down Dose-Finding Study
Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may exhibit altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to local anesthetics. But the ropivacaine concentration-response profile for ultrasound-guided T11 thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in this population remains undefined. This study aimed to deter...