Reassessing ʿAjam in Arabic Discourse: Historical Semantics, Ethnolinguistic Othering, and Discursive Racialization Across Contexts
This qualitative, comparative, and diachronic study integrated historical-semantic analysis with Critical Discourse Analysis to examine six classical and premodern Arabic sources and five modern academic or public-discourse sources selected using contrastive purposive sampling. Classical passages were analyzed for sema...