A structural and mechanistic atlas of NTD antibody neutralization and immune escape across SARS-CoV-2 prototype and its (sub-)variants.
Mechanistic studies reveal that NTD-5 and NTD-9 antibodies neutralize by inducing S1 shedding, thereby extending this mechanism to selected NTD-directed antibodies and providing a structural and mechanistic framework for rational vaccine and antibody design resilient to antigenic drift.