Wilson R. Molina

Music as a non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Music was associated with modest reductions in anxiety scores during ESWL and may be considered a feasible non-pharmacological adjunct, although substantial heterogeneity, methodological limitations, variation in music and analgesia protocols, and very low certainty of evidence limit confidence in the magnitude and cli...