Synergistic damage and antagonistic protection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nanoplastics on oxidative stress in rice.
BACKGROUND The combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nanoplastics (NPs) on rice oxidative stress remain unclear, particularly regarding the synergistic or antagonistic nature of their interaction in different organs. This study investigated the interactive effects of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) ino...