Dietary Modulation of Osteoporosis via Probiotics and the Gut-Bone Axis: From Mechanisms to Food Applications.
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder affecting nearly one-third of women and one-fifth of men globally, poses a major public health burden. Current pharmacological treatments face limitations, driving interest in safer nutritional interventions. The gut-bone axis, through which gut microbiota modulate bone homeostas...