CSF drainage strategy and complication management of hydrocephalus
Conventional CSF drainage strategies—using external ventricular drainage (EVD) for acute hydrocephalus and permanent shunts (ventriculoperitoneal [VP], ventriculoatrial [VA], lumboperitoneal [LP]) for chronic hydrocephalus-are often inadequate in complex clinical scenarios (e.g., patients with intracranial hemorrha...