Open access
Aug 2026
What are we really measuring? The semantic confound in psychological scales and the case for theory-driven measurement
The replication crisis in psychology is now widely recognized as a crisis of measurement itself, not merely of questionable research practices. Recent critical work has revealed that many psychological scales may be measuring semantic associations rather than the psychological phenomena they purport to assess. This Hyp...
Xiangyu Liu
· Frontiers in Psychology · 0 citations