ECD-YOLO: Multiscale Feature Analysis and Detail-Preserving Downsampling for Steel Surface Defect Detection
: Automated inspection of steel surfaces is challenged by minute defects, weak contrast, repetitive rolling textures, and substantial scale variation. This paper presents ECD-YOLO, an enhanced YOLO11n detector for accurate and efficient defect localization. The proposed ETC-Down module decomposes downsampling into four...