Exploring tumor-derived exosomes as promising antigenic platforms: novel vaccine and immunotherapy strategies for “cold” colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a formidable clinical challenge, largely due to the prevalence of microsatellite-stable tumors characterized by an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME) that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play a paradoxical dual role in t...