Simple Summary High-concentrate diets are widely used to improve growth efficiency in intensive sheep production, but prolonged feeding may adversely affect rumen fermentation and animal health. Sea buckthorn flavonoids are plant-derived bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, 30 6-month-old fattening male Hu sheep were randomly assigned to a high-concentrate diet group (no supplement or 0.30% sea buckthorn flavonoids) for 45 days. Supplementation increased average daily gain and improved feed conversion without affecting feed intake. It also increased serum total antioxidant capacity and several immune-related indicators, increased ruminal acetate and valerate concentrations, and altered the relative abundance of specific rumen bacterial genera. Total volatile fatty acid concentration showed an increasing tendency, whereas rumen pH remained unchanged. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity also increased, and its biological significance requires further investigation. These findings suggest that sea buckthorn flavonoids may improve growth efficiency and selected physiological and ruminal responses in Hu sheep fed a high-concentrate diet. Further dose–response studies are needed to determine the optimal supplementation level.
Background/Aims: The individual and combined associations of social vulnerability and diet quality with long-term health outcomes in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. The authors aimed to examine the independent and cumulative associations of diet quality and social vulnerability with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US adults with MASLD.
Materials and Methods: The authors included 13 518 adults with MASLD from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with mortality follow-up through 2019. Diet quality was assessed using the planetary health diet index (PHDI) based on 24-hour dietary recalls. Social vulnerability was evaluated using a composite social risk profile (SRP) score. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.
Results: Over a median follow-up of 104 months, 1875 deaths, including 643 from CVD, were recorded. Lower PHDI and SRP scores were each associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (all P < .05). In the joint analysis, participants with both the lowest PHDI tertile and an SRP score of 0-2 had the highest hazards for all-cause (HR = 3.86, 95% CI: 2.86-5.20) and CVD mortality (HR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.97-8.20) compared with those with the highest PHDI tertile and an SRP score of 6-8. Subgroup analysis revealed that the associations of SRP score and PHDI with all-cause mortality were stronger among adults younger than 65 years (P for interaction < .001).
Conclusion: Poor diet quality and social disadvantage were independently and jointly associated with increased mortality risk among US adults with MASLD, particularly those younger than 65 years.
Cite this article as: Li X, Fan H, Yao Q, Gu X. Social risk profile, planetary health diet, and mortality risk in individuals with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: A population-based study. Turk J Gastroenterol. Published online August 25, 2026. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2026.26301.
Xin Li, Hui Fan, Qiuming Yao et al.· The Turkish Journal of Gastr...· 0 citations
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