Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Extracellular vesicles at the periodontal immune–regenerative interface: coupled mechanisms and translational challenges
Periodontitis is a chronic immune-inflammatory disease in which dysbiotic microbial communities and sustained host responses disrupt the gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone. Because these tissues form an integrated attachment apparatus, effective regeneration requires coordinated control of...
Ling Yan, Xin-Yi Sun, Ya-Ping Chen et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations