Coupled Modeling of CO2 Frosting, Fluid Flow, and Heat Transfer under Cryogenic Conditions Using a Nucleation-Based CFD Framework
: A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, grounded in classical nucleation theory, is developed to investigate CO 2 frosting and the associated heat transfer under cryogenic conditions. The model integrates gas–solid phase-change kinetics with multiphysics transport equations to capture the coupled...