TGα2β-modified adipose-derived stem cell exosomes regulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and enhance chronic ulcerative wound repair through the ILK/AKT signaling pathway.
BACKGROUND Chronic ulcerative wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, present a significant clinical challenge owing to their complex pathophysiology and limited response to conventional therapies. Although exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC-exos) have shown promise in promoting tissu...