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Y. Bengio

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Preprint Aug 2026

Bayesian Symbolic Regression with Entropic Reinforcement Learning

Symbolic regression is the problem of finding an algebraic expression describing a stochastic dependence of a target variable on a set of inputs. Unlike forms of regression that fit parameters assuming a fixed model structure, symbolic regression is a search problem over the space of expressions, represented, for examp...

Oussama Boussif, Mohammed Mahfoud, Younesse Kaddar et al. · 2 citations

Learning diverse attacks on large language models for robust red-teaming and safety tuning

This work proposes to use GFlowNet fine-tuning followed by a secondary smoothing phase, to train the attacker model to generate diverse and effective attack prompts, and finds that the attacks generated by the method are effective against a wide range of target LLMs, both with and without safety tuning, and transfer we...

Seanie Lee, Minsu Kim, Lynn Cherif et al. · 62 citations · ⚡8
#machine learning Open access Oct 2023

PhyloGFN: Phylogenetic inference with generative flow networks

The framework of generative flow networks (GFlowNets) is adopted to tackle two core problems in phylogenetics: parsimony-based and Bayesian phylogenetic inference and it is demonstrated that the amortized posterior sampler, PhyloGFN, produces diverse and high-quality evolutionary hypotheses on real benchmark datasets.

Mingyang Zhou, Zichao Yan, Elliot Layne et al. · 37 citations · ⚡3

Adaptive teachers for amortized samplers

The teacher, an auxiliary behavior model, is trained to sample high-loss regions of the student and can generalize across unexplored modes, thereby enhancing mode coverage by providing an efficient training curriculum.

Minsu Kim, Sanghyeok Choi, Taeyoung Yun et al. · 27 citations · ⚡6

Amortizing intractable inference in large language models

This work interprets chain-of-thought reasoning as a latent variable modeling problem and demonstrates that this distribution-matching paradigm of LLM fine-tuning can serve as an effective alternative to maximum-likelihood training and reward-maximizing policy optimization.

Edward J. Hu, Moksh Jain, Eric Elmoznino et al. · 110 citations · ⚡19
#machine learning Open access Oct 2023

Expected flow networks in stochastic environments and two-player zero-sum games

This work shows that EFlowNets outperform other GFlowNet formulations in stochastic tasks such as protein design and extends the concept of EflowNets to adversarial environments, proposing adversarial flow networks (A FlowNets) for two-player zero-sum games.

Marco Jiralerspong, Bilun Sun, Danilo Vucetic et al. · 11 citations · ⚡1
#machine learning Open access Oct 2023

Delta-AI: Local objectives for amortized inference in sparse graphical models

A new algorithm for amortized inference in sparse probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) is presented that enables off-policy training but avoids the need to instantiate all the random variables for each parameter update, thus speeding up training considerably.

J. Falet, Haebeom Lee, Esmeralda S. Whitammer et al. · 9 citations
#machine learning Open access Oct 2022

GFlowNets and variational inference

This paper builds bridges between two families of probabilistic algorithms: (hierarchical) variational inference (VI), which is typically used to model distributions over continuous spaces, and generative flow networks (GFlowNets), which have been used for distributions over discrete structures such as graphs. We demon...

Esmeralda S. Whitammer, S. Lahlou, T. Deleu et al. · 120 citations · ⚡9

Amortizing intractable inference in diffusion models for vision, language, and control

Amortized sampling of the posterior over data is studied, and the asymptotic correctness of a data-free learning objective, relative trajectory balance, is proved for training a diffusion model that samples from this posterior, a problem that existing methods solve only approximately or in restricted cases.

S. Venkatraman, Moksh Jain, Luca Scimeca et al. · 75 citations · ⚡5

Improved off-policy training of diffusion samplers

This work benchmarks several diffusion-structured inference methods, including simulation-based variational approaches and off-policy methods (continuous generative flow networks), and proposes a novel exploration strategy for off-policy methods, based on local search in the target space with the use of a replay buffer...

Marcin Sendera, Minsu Kim, Sarthak Mittal et al. · 52 citations · ⚡7

Joint Bayesian Inference of Graphical Structure and Parameters with a Single Generative Flow Network

This paper proposes a method to approximate the joint posterior over not only the structure of a Bayesian Network, but also the parameters of its conditional probability distributions, using a single GFlowNet whose sampling policy follows a two-phase process.

T. Deleu, Mizu Nishikawa-Toomey, Jithendaraa Subramanian et al. · 65 citations · ⚡4

Trajectory Balance: Improved Credit Assignment in GFlowNets

It is proved that any global minimizer of the trajectory balance objective can define a policy that samples exactly from the target distribution, and empirically demonstrate the benefits of the trajectories balance objective for GFlowNet convergence, diversity of generated samples, and robustness to long action sequenc...

Esmeralda S. Whitammer, Moksh Jain, Emmanuel Bengio et al. · 302 citations · ⚡60

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