AIM
Pathological dissociation is a complex clinical symptom widely observed across various psychiatric disorders. Dissociative symptoms prolong the duration of hospitalization and are associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Although several pathological models (e.g., the frontal-limbic overmodulation model and the defense cascade model) have been proposed to interpret dissociative symptoms, heterogeneous regional-level imaging findings impede our comprehension of the neural changes underlying dissociative symptoms across diagnoses.
METHODS
Using the functional connectivity network mapping method, this study systematically screened 45 cross-diagnostic reports of dissociation-related structural and functional brain changes. By integrating resting-state imaging data from healthy individuals (n = 872), we constructed dissociative task-induced activation, gray matter volume (GMV), and resting-state activity impairment networks. Additionally, we performed spatial correlation analyses between the damage networks and 19 neurotransmitter distribution maps.
RESULTS
The task-induced damage network showed the largest proportional overlap with the anterior salience network (SN, 12.25%), basal ganglia network (BGN, 13.57%), and dorsal default mode network (DMN, 17.74%). For the GMV damage network, the main overlap proportions were observed with the dorsal DMN (12.33%) and the anterior SN (7.67%). The resting-state activity damage network showed the greatest overlap with the anterior SN (5.17%), posterior SN (5.73%), auditory (5.47%), and sensorimotor network (4.50%). Spatial correlation analyses found associations between network changes and the distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, cannabinoid receptor CB1, serotonin transporter, and mu-opioid receptor.
CONCLUSION
This study further elucidated the neuroimaging changes underlying across-diagnostic dissociation and provided new insights for identifying network intervention targets to improve dissociative symptoms.
Xuhan Cui, Leyi Zhang, Y. Ou et al.· Psychiatry and Clinical Neur...· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
Although structural and functional alterations in borderline personality disorder (BPD) have been widely reported in neuroimaging studies, the findings remain heterogeneous. Emerging consensus suggests that these distributed alterations may converge on a common pathological network associated with BPD, providing a network-level framework for elucidating the neural basis of the disorder.
METHODS
We integrated findings from 96 publications covering 2325 patients with BPD and 2356 healthy controls across gray matter volume, task-induced activation, and resting-state activity modalities. Using the functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM) approach, we projected the reported alterations onto a large-scale functional connectome (n = 872) to localize brain alteration networks associated with BPD. We then evaluated the spatial relationship between these networks and 19 neurotransmitter distribution maps.
RESULTS
We identified three distinct networks. The gray matter volume alteration network involved the precentral/postcentral gyrus and temporal gyrus, predominantly within the somatomotor (12.24%) and subcortical networks (8.65%). The task-induced activation network was mainly located in the insula/putamen, primarily associated with the ventral attention network (18.83%). The resting-state network encompassed the superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and angular gyrus, dominated by the default mode network (53.86%). The structural network exhibited spatial correlations with the serotonin transporter, while the task-induced network was associated with noradrenergic and cholinergic systems.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest BPD might be characterized by structural deficits in somatic-emotional integration and functional dysregulation in salience detection and self-referential processing. This network-level framework helps address previously existing inconsistencies and suggests that these brain alterations may be related to specific neurotransmitters.
Leyi Zhang, Yiding Han, Y. Ou et al.· Journal of Affective Disorde...· 0 citations
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