Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet crosstalk in lipid metabolic reprogramming in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressive metabolic reprogramming in which lipid metabolism imbalance links nutrient excess to insulin resistance, organelle stress, and tissue dysfunction. Although mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lipid droplets (LDs) each have established roles i...