Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Federated Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models on Resource-Constrained Clients: Technical Approaches, Resource Costs, and Applicability
This review examines four composable routes---parameter-efficient and quantized adaptation, backpropagation-free adaptation, proxy or submodel adaptation, and split federated adaptation---through a common framework that traces the objects each endpoint retains, exchanges, and discloses.
Yun-Heng Shen, Xiao Liu, Yang Yang et al.
· Journal of Reliable and Secu... · 1 citation